Partial or total paralysis of all four limbs (upper and lower) and trunk, caused by spinal cord injury at cervical level. Also called quadriplegia. Lesion level determines extent of paralysis and residual functions: high lesions (C1-C4) also compromise autonomous breathing requiring assisted ventilation, mid-high lesions (C5-C6) allow shoulder movement and partial arm control, low lesions (C7-C8) allow greater use of upper limbs.
Main causes: trauma (traffic accidents, diving, falls), diseases (spinal tumors, myelitis), vascular. Complications: respiratory failure, bladder and bowel disorders, pressure ulcers, spasticity, neuropathic pain, thrombosis, osteoporosis, sexual dysfunctions. Treatment: acute phase (stabilization, surgery), early intensive rehabilitation, aids (electric wheelchairs, home automation, communicators), complication management, psychological support. Advanced assistive technologies: exoskeletons, brain-computer interfaces, functional electrical stimulation. Objective: maximize residual autonomy and quality of life.
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Author: DisabilityHub Editorial Team
Created: 01/25/2026
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